Kaiser, R.B., & Craig, S.B. (2001). Leadership Versatility Index technical report: Item selection and validation for Forceful and Enabling scales. Greensboro, NC: Kaplan DeVries Inc.

Preliminary validation of the forceful and enabling leadership scales used in the Leadership Versatility Index (LVI) has been reported previously. With an increased sample including the data in the preliminary study, we have conducted further construct validation research using a measure including an initial set of 11 forceful and 11 enabling items rated on the new “curvilinear” response scale.  This report includes a summary of those analyses. The net-out of our validation work to date is a refined set of five-item forceful and five-item enabling scales with adequate measurement characteristics. These items form the core of the revised LVI scales, which have been lengthened in light of the results reported below for better content coverage of the forceful and enabling domains.

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